doi: 10.56294/dm2023107
ORIGINAL
Management of the tourist system in the environmental awareness of the inhabitants of Lunahuana
Gestión del sistema turístico en la sensibilización medioambiental de los habitantes de Lunahuana
Filiberto Fernando Ochoa Paredes1 
*, Segundo Waldemar Rios Rios2 *, Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta3,4 *, Anwar Julio Yarin Achachagua5 *, Soledad del Rosario Olivares Zegarra5 *
1Ricardo Palma University. Lima, Peru
2National University of Cañete. Lima. Peru
3Ricardo Palma University. Lima, Peru
3San Ignacio de Loyola University. Lima, Peru
4National Technological University of Lima South. Lima, Peru.
Cite as: Paredes FFO, Rios SWR, Zuta MEC, Achachagua AJY, Zegarra S del RO. Management of the tourist system in the environmental awareness of the inhabitants of Lunahuana. Data and Metadata 2023;2:107. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2023107.
Submitted: 20-07-2023 Revised: 14-09-2023 Accepted: 23-10-2023 Published: 24-10-2023
Editor: Prof.
Dr. Javier González Argote
ABSTRACT
The objective was to establish the impact of the Management of the tourist System on the environmental awareness of the population of Lunahuana-Cañete period 2022, the method that was used is a basic study, the design without any experiment, in a single time and descriptive, quantitative and deductive approach. The population and test was 120 workers who work in the field of tourism, gastronomy, a proven non-probabilistic sensible was used. As a result, 86,6 % of those surveyed state that the management of the Tourism system is well implemented and basically implemented, both the cultural, economic, environmental and social dimensions are between basically implemented and very well implemented. The environmental awareness variable was qualified with 60,0 % at a medium level, 36,7 % at a high level, and 3,3 % with a low level, and the cognitive, affective, active, and behavioral dimensions were qualified as a high level on average. greater than 70 %. The inferential statistical results indicate that the management of the Tourist System significantly influences the environmental awareness of the inhabitant, in the same way for the specific premise 1, it is established that the cultural dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the inhabitant, for the specific premise 2 , it is guaranteed that the cultural dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the population, for specific premise 3, it is guaranteed. The environmental dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the population. And finally for the specific premise 4 it is guaranteed that the social dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the resident, all the premises or hypotheses are about the resident of Lunahuana, Cañete, Lima, 2022.
Keywords: Tourism System Management; Environmental Awareness; Ecology; Environment.
RESUMEN
El objetivo fue establecer el impacto de la Gestión del Sistema turístico en la conciencia ambiental de la población de Lunahuana-Cañete periodo 2022, el método que se utilizó es un estudio básico, el diseño sin experimento alguno, en un solo tiempo y de enfoque descriptivo , cuantitativo y deductivo. La población y prueba fue de 120 trabajadores que laboran en el campo del turismo, gastronomía, se utilizó una prueba no probabilística sensible. Como resultado, el 86,6 % de los encuestados afirman que la gestión del sistema de Turismo está bien implementada y básicamente implementada, tanto la dimensión cultural, económica, ambiental y social están entre básicamente implementadas y muy bien implementadas. La variable conciencia ambiental fue calificada con un 60,0 % en un nivel medio, un 36,7 % en un nivel alto y un 3,3 % con un nivel bajo, y las dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva, activa y conductual fueron calificadas con un nivel alto en promedio. mayor al 70 %. Los resultados estadísticos inferenciales indican que la gestión del Sistema Turístico influye significativamente en la conciencia ambiental del habitante, de igual manera para la premisa específica 1, se establece que la dimensión cultural se relaciona significativamente con la conciencia ambiental del habitante, para la premisa específica 2 , se garantiza que la dimensión cultural se relaciona significativamente con la conciencia ambiental de la población, para la premisa específica 3, se garantiza. La dimensión ambiental está relacionada con la conciencia ambiental de la población. Y finalmente para la premisa específica 4 se garantiza que la dimensión social se relaciona con la conciencia ambiental del residente, todas las premisas o hipótesis son sobre el residente de Lunahuana, Cañete, Lima, 2022.
Palabras clave: Gestión Del Sistema Turístico; Conciencia Ambiental; Ecología; Medio Ambiente.
INTRODUCTION
At a global level, tourism offers the countries that manage it an opportunity to generate income, several countries in the old continent have their tax income, to a high degree thanks to tourism in its various modalities, being in the old continent the precursors of the They were called tours that allocated resources for the creation of leisure places, and as a consequence the states of England, Spain, Germany and others, allocated resources for the creation of tourist infrastructure Bormann A(1), defined tourism as an activity of The economic one, which is made up of actions aimed at those people during the period of their displacement, was from their places of origin. These activities are influenced by factors of political decisions, and changes in people's practices. Tourism expanded for all types of people through a vacation offer in the mid-20th century. Later, it was the tourists themselves who scheduled their trips, achieving improved safety and speed of means of transportation, protected by laws for the public sector. and private, making tourism one of the largest industries that generate income for the countries of the world, generating billions annually. The beginnings of modern tourism are known to have begun during the industrial revolution, after 8-hour days and paid vacation breaks began to appear, tourists began to visit beaches, areas with attractive landscapes. The appearance of Cook T.(2), an illustrious businessman in the world of tourism, was key to this and he is considered the father of tourism. In the world, Tomas Cook wrote travel guides, “Tourists' Handbook”, organizing tourist trips through Holland, Belgium, Germany and France, to date the tourism industry has not stopped its growth in the world.
Tourism in Peru became possible thanks to the change in consciousness of the elites who wanted to give an image of a modern country to the world, trying to promote investments, so tourism in Peru developed something similar to what was happening in Europe and North America. but on a smaller scale. State support was not constant, with the private sector taking center stage. In the same way, there were cultural and social factors that were precursors of tourism in Peru. On the other hand, environmental awareness is also a very modern issue, after the Second World War, and political and cultural thoughts began to worry about environmental protection. environment, Ecological awareness is related to the deterioration of different ecosystems, leading to the total consumption of many of the natural resources and categories of animals typical of the region, generating many symbolisms built around these resources; supported by environmental movements.
This reality not only moves to Lima but to its provinces and Cañete is still one of them, with the Lunahuana district being one of the tourism sites and to date it has not been investigated what effects the presence of tourists has in the area. and its influence on the environmental awareness of the population and the authorities, for that reason it has been posed by asking: In what way does the management of the Tourism System influence the environmental awareness of the population of Lunahuaná, Cañete, Lima, period 2022? the same one that led to setting the objective of knowing if the management of the Tourism System influences the environmental awareness of the residents of Lunahuana, Cañete, Lima, period 202. As background to the research we have More C.(3) developed the master's research, and its objective was to establish the relationship between environmental management and environmental awareness, it was a quantitative, correlational investigation, without experiments, the sample was 38 people, applying the environmental management questionnaire, and another on environmental awareness of 21 items. It ended with a Spearman correlation = 0,820 of environmental management and environmental awareness in a school called Niño Jesús Mariscal Chaperito del Rímac. Rejecting the null premise and accepting the alternative premise. Likewise, Ormeño P.D(4) developed a research where the general objective was to decree the level of action, focused on protecting the conservation of the environment in students of Tourism and Hospitality Administration - National University of Cañete. It was quantitative, basic, descriptive and designed without an experiment, the sample was 45 4th cycle students, with a non-probabilistic intentional sample, the Likert scale was used and statistical tests were used to analyze the surveys showing that the students have an attitude favorable high levels of environmental conservation with (73,3 %). The cognitive and affective component had a high level (66,67), the reactive component was medium (46,67 %). It is concluded that there is a high level of attitudes aimed at environmental conservation in students of Tourism and Hospitality Administration at the National University of Cañete. On the other hand, Bromley(5) in his research proposed the objective of Prospecting a Municipal Tourism Management strategy that promotes sustainable development in Pimentel, Trujillo, Peru, using the quantitative model as a research methodology, it was exploratory descriptive, with a non-effective design. , transactional, with a sample of 184 residents, its variables were Municipal tourism management Sustainable development, to whom they applied a questionnaire of 11 questions, and they arrived at important results that tourism is one of the most important activities, as a driver of other activities and collateral, independent businesses, in addition to the main problem being the lack of a local management committee, which makes it impossible to promote the tourism dynamism of Pimentel, Ruiz S(6) developed an investigation whose objective was to propose strategies of tourism management in Pomalca, seeking to contribute to better sustainable tourism development in the aforementioned district. The sample of 378 respondents was mixed, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional, which was applied to the selected population. Its results after the application of the validated instruments, allowed us to propose strategies in search of solving the problems encountered, each result led to confirming the existence of a Work Plan, which was executed in 2020, it was confirmed that the district has a Tourism Development Plan, but it also does not have adequate infrastructure to encourage tourism, as well as that the district is not prepared to receive visitors, but it also does not have adequate infrastructure to encourage tourism, as well as the fact that the district is not prepared to receive visitors, they conclude that The timely valuation of the supply of tourist visits contributes to taking into account strategies to exhibit tourists of the cultural and historical archaeological riches that the district has, where integrative proposals could be made.
Pinedo C(7) developed research for his degree, where he proposed his purpose of prospecting the relationship of environmental awareness in the motivation of tourists visiting the province of Canta, the methodology used was basic, with a quantitative approach, that the variable known as cognitive dimension is related in a very low positive way to tourist motivation. Cordova T(8), developed a research whose objective was to prospect a tourist awareness program in search of strengthening unity in the residents of the Manuel Mesones Muro-Ferreñafe District, Chiclayo, it was quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and propositional, not experimental, the sample was 369 residents of the district, a questionnaire was applied, its results indicated the establishment of the degree of cultural unity, with low consequence, there is a manifestation of lack of identity among the new generations.
Chocano D.(9), developed a research whose objective was to emphasize the relationship between tourist-environmental awareness and tourism in Cañete between 2018 and 2020. They used a mixed, descriptive, applied, analytical approach as a methodology, and applied the questionnaire on 225 residents of both sexes from 20 to 65 years old. The results indicate a low level of tourist awareness in residents of Cañete with (12 %), (34 %) located at the medium level and 54 % high level (54 %). A low level (12 %) presented environmental awareness, (32 %) a medium level (32 %) and (56 %) a very high level.
Moral M et al.(10) developed a research whose objective was to describe the evolution, awareness and consequences of tourism in rural areas. He was very interested in communicating sustainability strategies and policies for rural accommodation. Its results showed the acceptance among rural accommodation of government measures of an environmental nature. The adoption, promotion and dissemination of the results of rural accommodation and its environment, providing a better opportunity, was recommended. This information allowed us to consolidate the link between the social dimension of tourism management and the protection of the resident's environment.
Gazzola et al.(11) in their research on cycle tourism oriented towards sustainable development in unknown areas, a regional experience of the Apennines in northern Italy, whose objective was development of an exploration analyzing the characteristics of this important field called cycle tourism, seeking to identify the links between sustainability and groups of cycle tourists whose vacation predilections lie in discovering unknown and remote territorial areas. They delimited three mountainous areas where cyclists converge, they verified the existence of possibilities for economic, social and environmental development, of business models that involve various stakeholders of the local destination.
We have Maria et al.(12), who establishes that the advance of socioeconomic systems reveals a change of interest on the part of society towards stable forms, establishing multifunctional and multivector structures, this is due to the growing level of ecological awareness in recent years. Sustainable multidisciplinary development is a priority from the social point of view, adhering to the policies of human and nature centrism, which contributes to improving the quality of life, solving housing problems, demographic and environmental issues.
Chig H. et al.(13), developed a research that sought to preliminarily investigate the sustainable determinants of Taiwanese ecotourism comparing them with international standards, used the social learning theory, comprehensively analyzed the relationships between three elements such as tour, ecotourism destinations and accommodations, four essential aspects such as management, social, cultural and environmental of the institution called the World Sustainable Tourism Council, and twenty-nine other indices from the ecotourism evaluations. Thoroughly exploring the sustainable determinants of Tajwanese tourism. They concluded that there is the possibility of positively advancing Taywan ecotourism with international standards , supporting the development of capabilities of companies and the cooperation of the local community, regulating the duties of local participation and distribution of benefits; The economic interest of ecotourism entrepreneurs stands out, and should be aimed at stimulating ecotourism to advance towards international standards by promoting Taiwanese ecotourism at international fairs.
Meral U et al.(14), developed a research where they consolidate and magnify the work of tour guides in the ecological environment, their objective was to know the perception of ecotourism and the environmental awareness of tour guides, they used 336 surveyed as professional tour guides in Turkey, used a descriptive correlational methodology, with linear regression, finding positive results between the dimensions of environmental awareness, as well as in the regression analysis they were significant, thus explaining the relationship between the perception of ecotourism and ecotourism awareness, recommended the development of new research on the ecological environment and sustainability of tourism.
Wang, Z(15), developed a research where the objective was to investigate the dynamic relationship between tourism, economic development and CO2 emissions between the years 1995 to 2014. He studied the econometric method of heterogeneity and transversal dependence, in search of results impartial and accurate. The results obtained were that the tourism sector magnifies economic growth, and consequently degrades the quality of the environment. Likewise, they established a long-term link between globalization and economic growth and a poor relationship with CO2 emissions. They recommend that investments be made that are oriented towards economic growth and mitigate CO2 emissions. The BRICS countries use the environmental Kuznets curve, just as tourism and Gramger investment are causally related to each other.
Stylidis D(16) developed a research whose objective was to use images of a certain place and group local residents of a tourist destination, to find out if they share similar levels of attachment to the place and their intentions towards tourism. They used a sample of 368 residents in the Eilat district, Israel, finding three groups called Nature Aesthete, Appreciator and Critico, who showed different attachment to the place, but who recommended others visit their places because of other tourist places.
Lee et al.(17) Developed an investigation in which they set the objective of identifying the important factors that would promote responsible environmental behavior of residents, attachment and attitudes towards tourism were included, they used a confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that being identified with the place completely mediated the relationship of place dependence and responsible environmental behavior. They confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between tourism development and responsible environmental behavior, emphasized the need to develop the identity of the place, offering various economic, sociocultural and recreational coastal benefits, recommended social involvement and respect for the opinions of local residents.
Zhang Y et al.(18) He developed research whose purpose was to find out if pro-environmental behavior, based on the theory of values, beliefs and norms, is affected as a result of awareness of the consequences of the disaster. They used a confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equation modeling to confirm the suitability of the data, they concluded that there is a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior of residents' awareness of the consequences of disasters, place attachment values. Altruistic behavior prevails as a predictor of pro-environmental behavior, and place attachment prevails over awareness of the consequences of disaster values. The results have practical implications that contribute to environmental management policy.
Um et al.(19), developed a research where they defined the objective of investigating how the perceived value of gentrification tourism influences the attitudes and intentions of responsible tourism. They employed a structural equation modeling analysis methodology using 450 surveys in three areas of South Korea, Seo-chon, Hongik University, and Jeju Island. They found four findings in which they confirmed that the value perceived by the subject of tourist gentrification influences their attitudes and intentions of responsible tourism, secondly, attitudes influence the intentions of conservation and participation of responsible tourism. The third place tries to give an influence of the epistemic value on the intentions of conservation and participation in responsible tourism, and finally the attitude is a mediator of the relationship between the perceived value and its intentions in responsible tourism.
Mateo P. et al.(20) They developed a research in which they empirically analyzed four areas of responsibility of responsible tourism in search of the life satisfaction of the residents of the selected community. They used a survey of 493 people in Kerala, India. They arrived at the results where the areas of cultural, environmental, economic and social responsibility have a very significant influence on community satisfaction, and they also determined the influence of tourism responsibilities. responsible in the level of satisfaction with life, economic, social and cultural responsibilities through material, community, emotional well-being and health and safety well-being. Findings offer compelling ideas to improve community and tourism destination well-being
The general problem posed was: How does the management of the Tourism System influence the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, period 2022?, and the specific problems were: How does the cultural dimension relate to the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, 2022? ; How is the economic dimension related to the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, 2022? How is the environmental dimension related to the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, 2022? How is the social dimension related to the environmental awareness of the population? resident of Lima, 2022?, in the same way the general objective set was: Analyze how the management of the Tourism System influences the environmental awareness of the resident of Lima, period 2022, the specific objectives were Determine how the cultural dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the resident of Lima, 2022, Describe how the economic Dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the resident of Lima, 2022, Describe how the environmental Dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the resident of Lima, 2022, Describe how the Dimension Social is related to the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, 2022.
METHODS
It was basic in nature, because it sought scientific advancement, developing theoretical knowledge and supported by principles and laws, it was descriptive, correlational, Sample was data from 120 workers. from Lunahuana who work in the tourism sector. To present the hypotheses, the multifactor questionnaire was used, 120 workers from different companies in Lunahuana, San Vicente Cañete were surveyed, tables were prepared that allowed the analysis and processing of data using SPSS Version 26 software, which facilitated the preparation of findings and recommendations. In this research work, two types of data analysis were considered, one was descriptive through tables, figures, graphs and the other used non-parametric statistics, in this case normality testing using SPSS version 26. The information collected for the research It was used respecting intellectual property, and the application of APA seventh edition standards, without any malice and in accordance with current national and international ethics standards.
RESULTS
Descriptive statistics
|
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the Tourism System Management Variable and its dimensions |
||||||||||
|
|
Management Dimensions |
|
||||||||
|
|
Tourist |
Cultural |
Economic |
Environmental |
Social |
|||||
|
|
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
|
1= Not implemented |
16 |
13,3 |
21 |
17,5 |
9 |
7,5 |
19 |
15,8 |
18 |
15,0 |
|
2=Básic implemented |
52 |
43,3 |
99 |
82,5 |
71 |
59,2 |
48 |
40,0 |
38 |
31,7 |
|
3= Well implemented |
52 |
43,3 |
0 |
0 |
40 |
33,3 |
53 |
44,2 |
64 |
53,3 |
|
Total |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
Figure 1. Tourism management and its four dimensions
Interpretation
It should be noted that of the total number of respondents, 43,3 % believed that the management of the Tourism system is well implemented, and another 43,3 % stated that it is basically implemented, and 13,3 % stated that it is not implemented. They classified the cultural dimension as basically implemented. by 82,5 %, and 17.% as not implemented, while the Economic dimension was rated as well implemented by 33,3 %, 59 % thought that it is basically implemented, and 7,5 % stated that it is not implemented, of the Likewise for the environmental dimension, 44,2 % stated that it is well implemented, 40 % stated that it has a basic implementation, and 15,8 % stated that it is not well implemented, finally the social dimension was rated with 53,3 % as well implemented, 31 % as basically implemented, and 15 % as not implemented.
|
Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the environmental awareness variable and its dimensions |
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|
|
Management Dimensions |
|||||||||
|
|
Ambient Awareness |
Cognitive |
Affective |
Active |
Vehavioral |
|||||
|
|
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
Fe |
% |
|
1= Low level |
4 |
3,3 |
53 |
44,2 |
1 |
0,8 |
19 |
15,8 |
8 |
6,8 |
|
2= Medium level |
72 |
60,0 |
39 |
32,5 |
47 |
39,2 |
48 |
40,0 |
36 |
30,0 |
|
3= High level |
44 |
36,7 |
28 |
23,3 |
72 |
60,0 |
53 |
44,2 |
76 |
63,3 |
|
Total |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
120 |
100,0 |
Figure 2. Environmental awareness variable and its dimensions
Interpretation
It can be seen that of the total number of respondents, 60,0 % thought that environmental awareness was rated as a medium level, while 36,7 % rated it as a high level, and 3,3. with a low level, and the cognitive dimension was rated as low level, with 44,2 %, 32,5 % rated it as medium level and 23,3 % rated it as high level, while the Affective dimension was rated with 60 % considered it to be a high level, 39,2 % thought it was at a medium level, and 0,8 % stated that it was at a low level. Likewise, the active dimension was rated at a high level by 44,2 %, with They rated a medium level with 40 % and finally 15,8 % with a low level, and the behavioral dimension was rated as a high level by 63,3 %, with 30 % they rated it with a medium level, and finally with 6,7 % as low level.
Inferential statistical results
General Hypothesis
H° The management of the Tourism System does not significantly influence the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022
Hg. The management of the Tourism System significantly influences the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022
|
Table 3. Correlations |
||||
|
|
Tourism System Management |
Environmental Awareness |
||
|
Rho de Spearman |
Tourism System Management |
Correlation Coefficient |
1,000 |
0,221* |
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
. |
0,015 |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
Environmental Awareness |
Correlation Coefficient |
0,221* |
1,000 |
|
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
0,015 |
. |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
*The correlation is significant at the 0,05 level (two-sided). |
||||
In table 3, it can be seen that there is a bilateral significance level of 0,015 < 0,05, which means that the null hypothesis is rejected and the general hypothesis is accepted, which means that the management of the Tourism System significantly influences environmental awareness. of the resident of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022, in addition there is a spearman rho coefficient equal to 0,221 which means there is a low positive correlation, that when the management of the tourism system increases by 100 % environmental awareness also improves 22,1 %.
Specific hypothesis 1
Ho The cultural dimension is not significantly related to the environmental awareness of the San Vicente de Cañete de Lima resident, 2022.
H1. The cultural dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022.
|
Table 4. Correlations |
||||
|
|
Cultural Dimension |
Environmental Awareness |
||
|
Rho de Spearman |
Cultural Dimension |
Correlation Coefficient |
1,000 |
0,540** |
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
. |
0,000 |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
Environmental Awareness |
Correlation Coefficient |
0,540** |
1,000 |
|
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
0,000 |
. |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
** The correlation is significant at the 0,01 level (two-sided). |
||||
In table 4, it can be seen that there is a level of bilateral significance equal to 0,000 which is <0,05, which indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis and we accept the specific hypothesis N°1, which means that the cultural dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022. It also shows a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0,540, which indicates a high positive correlation, which indicates that if the cultural dimension grows by 100 % environmental awareness also grows proportionally by 54 %.
Specific Hypothesis 2
H° The economic dimension is not related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022.
H2. The economic dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022.
|
Table 5. Correlations |
||||
|
|
Economic Dimension |
Environmental Awareness |
||
|
Rho de Spearman |
Economic Dimension |
Correlation Coefficient |
1,000 |
0,390** |
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
. |
0,000 |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
Environmental Awareness |
Correlation Coefficient |
0,390** |
1,000 |
|
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
0,000 |
. |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
** The correlation is significant at the 0,01 level (two-sided). |
||||
In table 5, it can be seen that there is a level of bilateral significance equal to 0,000 which is <0,05, which indicates the rejection of the null hypothesis and we accept the specific hypothesis N°2, meaning than. The economic dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022. Additionally, it provides a Spearman's rho coefficient equal to 0,390, which offers a moderate positive correlation, which means that as long as the economic dimension grows by a 100 % environmental awareness grows proportionally to 39 %.
Specific Hypothesis 3
Ho. The environmental dimension is not related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022.
H3. The environmental dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022.
|
Tabla 6. Correlations |
||||
|
|
Ambiental Dimension |
Environmental Awareness |
||
|
Rho de Spearman |
Ambiental Dimensión |
Correlation Coefficient |
1,000 |
,483** |
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
. |
,000 |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
Environmental Awareness |
|
,483** |
1,000 |
|
|
Sig. (Bilateral) |
,000 |
. |
||
|
N |
120 |
120 |
||
|
** The correlation is significant at the 0,01 level (two-sided). |
||||
In table 6, it can be seen that there is a level of bilateral significance equal to 0,000 which is <0,05, which represents the rejection of the null hypothesis and we accept the specific hypothesis N°3, which indicates that The Environmental Dimension It is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, 2022. Additionally, it presents a Spearman's rho coefficient equal to 0,483, which offers a low-moderate positive correlation, which means that while the environmental dimension grows by 100 % environmental awareness grows proportionally to 48,3 %.
DISCUSSION
The research using both descriptive and inferential statistics presented encouraging results, with respect to the variable Management of the tourism system, 43,3 % thought that the management of the Tourism system is well implemented, and another 43,3 % stated that it is basically implemented, only 13,3 % stated that it is not implemented, the cultural dimension was rated as basically implemented by 82,5 %, 17 % as not implemented, the Economic dimension was rated as well implemented by 33,3 %, 59 % said that it is basically implemented. implemented, and 7,5 % thought that it is not implemented, the environmental dimension 44,2 % said that it is well implemented, 40 % indicated that it has a basic implementation, 15,8 % stated that it is not well implemented, the social dimension was rated with the 53,3 % as well implemented, 31 % stated that it is basically implemented, and 15 % as not implemented.
Regarding the environmental awareness variable, the results were that of the total number of respondents, 60,0 % indicated that Environmental Awareness was rated as a medium level, on the other hand, 36,7 % rated it as a high level, and a 3,3. with a low level, the cognitive dimension was evaluated as a low level, with 44,2 %, 32,5 % evaluated it as a medium level and 23,3 % indicated that it has a high level, the Affective dimension was evaluated with a 60 % at a high level, 39,2 % indicated that it is at a medium level, 0,8 % evaluated it at a low level, they rated the active dimension with a high level with 44,2 %, with a medium level they rated it with 40 % and 15,8 % at a low level, 63,3 % evaluated the behavioral dimension as a high level, 30 % rated it as a medium level, and finally 6,7 % rated it as a low level.
Regarding the general hypothesis raised with the following proposal The management of the Tourism System significantly influences the environmental awareness of the population of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022, the results were obtained that there is a significance of 0,015 < 0,05, the hypothesis is accepted general, concluding that the management of the Tourism System is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the population of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022, in the same way there is a relationship based on Spearman's rho equal to 0,221, which means there is a correlation positive low, that when the management of the tourism system increases by 100 %, environmental awareness also improves by 22,1 %. Contrasted with the research done by More ML(3) developed the research for his master's thesis that had the purpose of prospecting the relationship that exists between environmental management and environmental awareness and obtained as a result that confirms the significant relationship Pvalue = 0,820) between environmental management and environmental awareness in an initial school named Niño Jesús Mariscal Chaperito del Rímac, this information allowed us to corroborate the link between management of the tourism system and environmental awareness.
With respect to specific hypothesis 1, raised through the following proposal: The cultural dimension is significantly linked to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022, a level of bilateral acceptance could be obtained p_value 0,000 <0,05, s I accept the specific assumption No. 1, confirmed that the cultural dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the resident of Lunahuana, Cañete Lima, 2022, it also shows a spearman indicator = 0,540 indicates a high positive relationship, it expresses that if the cultural dimension environmental awareness grows by 100 % and also grows proportionally by 54 %. These results were contrasted with the results of the research developed by Ormeño PD(4) whose objective was to raise the level of attitudes towards environmental conservation in students of the Tourism and Hospitality Administration of the National University of Cañete. After surveying them and giving statistical treatment to the results of the research, it was found that the level of cultural attitudes is favorable towards environmental conservation with (73,3 %). The cognitive and affective aspects had (66,67 % at a high level, the reactive component was medium (46,67 %). They concluded that the level of attitudes towards environmental conservation in students is high. This information allowed consolidating the existing relationship of the variables in studies.
In reference to specific hypothesis No. 2, a pvalue of 0,000 was observed, which is <0,05. We accept specific assumption No. 2, that the economic dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete Lima, 2022. The rho Spearman's index equal to 0,390 proscribes a moderate positive relationship, meaning that as long as the economic dimension grows by 100 %, environmental awareness grows proportionally to 39 %. These results were contrasted with the research developed by Ruiz S.R.(6), who developed a research whose objective was to develop a tourism management proposal to contribute to sustainable tourism development in the district of Pomalca, it was confirmed that the district has a Tourist Economic Development Plan, but it also does not have an adequate infrastructure to encourage tourism, as well as the district is not prepared to receive visitors, they conclude that The evaluation of the tourist offer contributes to taking into account the strategy of the cultural and historical archaeological riches that the district has, where good economic management could be carried out among others that could be integrated into the proposal, this research made it possible to confirm the relationship between the economic dimension of tourism management and environmental awareness.
With reference to specific hypothesis No. 3, the following proposal was raised, that the environmental dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the population of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, 2022, the results indicated the existence of a bilateral significance equal to 0,000 < 0,05, which represents the rejection of the null hypothesis, the specific hypothesis No. 3 was accepted, the Spearman rho coefficient of 0,483 indicates a low moderate positive correlation, which means that while the environmental dimension grows by 100 % Environmental awareness grows proportionally to 48,3 %. This research was contrasted with the results of Pinedo CL (7), who developed research for his degree, where he proposed as a general objective to determine the relationship of environmental awareness in the motivation of tourists who come to the province of Canta. The methodology used was basic, with a quantitative, cross-sectional correlational approach, 153 tourists were surveyed, the results confirmed the hypotheses raised, and they concluded that environmental awareness is related to the motivation of tourists who come to the province of Canta, as well as the cognitive dimension variable has a very low positive relationship with tourist motivation. This information allowed us to corroborate the existing relationships in both variables under study.
With reference to specific hypothesis No. 4, it was proposed that the social dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, 2022, a bilateral significance level equal to 0,000 <0,05 was obtained as a result, we rejected of the null hypothesis and the specific hypothesis No. 4 was accepted, Spearman's rho coefficient 0,403 exhibits a low moderate positive correlation, which indicates that if the social dimension grows by 100 %, environmental awareness grows proportionally at 40,3 %. These results were contrasted with the research carried out by Moral M et al.(10) whose objective was to analyze the origins, idealization and consequences generated by the development of tourist activity applied in rural areas. Emphasis was placed on determining strategies, processes, standards and policies regarding sustainability implemented in rural accommodations. Their results showed the acceptance, adoption, practice of environmental measures, a higher degree of adoption among rural accommodation of environmental measures. He recommended the implementation of promotional activities, dissemination of the results and the adoption of sustainable measures for rural accommodation and its environment. This information allowed the consolidation of the existing relationship between the social dimension of tourism management and environmental awareness.
CONCLUSIONS
1. It is concluded that the management of the Tourism System significantly influences the environmental awareness of the population of San Vicente de Cañete, Lima, period 2022, with the support of descriptive and inferential statistics, with a level of bilateral significance < 0,05 and a rho coefficient Spearman's test equal to 0,221, which indicated a low positive correlation.
2. It is concluded that the Cultural Dimension is significantly related to the environmental awareness of the population of Lima, 2022, thanks to the descriptive and inferential statistics and the contrasted background, where a level of significance less than 0,05 was obtained, and a level of rho spearman = 0,540 presenting high positive correlation.
3. It is concluded that the economic dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the inhabitants of Lima, 2022, supported by descriptive and inferential statistics and contrasted antecedents. There is a bilateral significance level <0,05 and a Spearman's rho coefficient equal to 0,390, presenting a moderate positive correlation.
4. It is concluded that the Environmental Dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of Lima, 2022, given the results of the descriptive and inferential statistics and the contrasted antecedents. With a Spearman's rho of 0,483 that presents a moderate low positive correlation,
5. It is concluded that the social dimension is related to the environmental awareness of the residents of Lima, 2022, due to the descriptive and inferential statistics and the contrasting antecedents. Spearma's rho coefficient 0,403 offers a moderate low positive correlation.
Pueden estar como una sección separada o al final de la discusión. Deben ser claros y precisos. Deben ser inferencias y no repetición de resultados. Deben responder correctamente a los objetivos. No son un resumen de los resultados.
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FINANCING
This research was financed with funds from the Ricardo Palma University.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
None
AUTHORSHIP CONTRIBUTION
Conceptualization: Filiberto Fernando Ochoa.
Data retention: Segundo Waldemar Rios Rios.
Formal analysis: Filiberto Fernando Ochoa Paredes.
Acquisition of funds: Filiberto Fernando Ochoa Paredes.
Research: Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta.
Methodology: Anwar Julio Yarin Achachagua.
Project management: Segundo Waldemar Rios Rios.
Resources: Manuel Enrique Chenet Zuta.
Supervision: Soledad del Rosario Olivares Zegarra.
Validation: Segundo Waldemar Rios Rios.
Screen: Soledad del Rosario Olivares Zegarra.
Writing - original draft: Filiberto Soledad del Rosario Olivares Zegarra.
Writing - review and editing: Segundo Waldemar Rios Rios.